Cavity wall ties and crack formation
Cavity wall ties and crack formation
When determining the probable cause of crack formation, we may be dealing with a stable crack ; damage that has not developed further (caused by shrinkage and creep) or an unstable crack ; damage that is developing further (e.g., due to foundation subsidence). In these cases, the cause must first be eliminated before a proper repair can be carried out.
Insufficient or rusting cavity wall ties
Bending masonry can be caused by a lateral force on the masonry or by a bending force.
- Lateral forces are wind loads or a floor that can push a wall outwards.
- A bending force or "moment" usually occurs because a vertical load isn't applied exactly perpendicularly. For example, a floor or roof will deflect, thus exerting a bending force on the supporting wall.
Crack recognition
- Expansive brickwork (look along the facade!)
- Loosening of (parts of) masonry (e.g. parapet)
- Failure of mortar joints
- Broken sound when the masonry is tapped with a hammer.
Design and/or execution errors
Cavity ties secure cavity walls together, providing significantly greater stiffness than two separate cavity walls.
As mentioned above, a wall must be sufficiently stiff to withstand buckling loads. If there are no, too few, or poor-quality cavity wall ties (e.g., no stainless steel), the outer and inner leaves of the cavity wall will no longer be properly connected, compromising the wall's stiffness. If the wall is then subjected to excessive buckling loads, damage will occur.
When a cavity wall tie rusts, it loses its strength and function. Rust can occur due to poor-quality materials (not stainless steel) combined with moisture in the cavity.
Various causes of moisture in walls
- Construction moisture
- Heavy rain load
- Leaking pipes, gutters and rainwater drains
- Rising damp
- Moisture penetration
- Water vapor production and thus condensation
Repair of insufficient or rusty anchors: After the cause has been addressed, repair and installation of new anchors is possible.
Would you like to make an appointment for a building inspection?
The cost of a building inspection (up to 250 m²) is only €489 including VAT. We'll conduct a comprehensive building inspection and you'll receive a building report. Do you have any questions? We're happy to help and can schedule an appointment with an expert inspector right away if you wish!
Recent articles